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Ammonium bicarbonate
Basic Properties Chemical Characteristics - Its chemical formula is NH₄HCO₃, with a molecular weight of 79.055. The theoretical nitrogen content is 17.72%. It belongs to a complex of carbonates and ammonium salts. - It is unstable. It decomposes into ammonia, water, and carbon dioxide above 36°C, and can be completely decomposed at 60°C. Its aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. It is prone to absorb moisture and deliquesce, which accelerates decomposition. - It cannot co - exist with acids or strong alkalis (such as sodium hydroxide). Otherwise, it will respectively produce carbon dioxide or ammonia, leading to deterioration. Physical Characteristics - It appears as white crystals in the orthorhombic or monoclinic system. Its density is 1.586 g/cm³, and its melting point is 105°C. It is readily soluble in water (the solubility is 22 g per 100 g of water at 20°C).

Main Applications Agricultural Field - Used as a nitrogen fertilizer, but its property of being easily decomposed at room temperature needs to be noted. In China, its production was optimized through the Union Carbide process. In the 1980s, its output accounted for more than half of the total nitrogen fertilizer production. - In rural areas, taking advantage of its property of reacting with hydrochloric acid to generate carbon dioxide, it is used to promote the photosynthesis of vegetables in greenhouses. Food Industry - Used as a leavening agent in baked foods such as biscuits and cakes. It releases carbon dioxide when heated, making the food fluffy. - It can also serve as a fermentation aid, dough improver, and preservative. However, the dosage needs to be controlled to avoid the residual ammonia smell.

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